stay Safe: Everything You Need to Know About STI

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) typically spread through sexual contact between individuals. Examples include chlamydia, crabs, and genital herpes. Treatment varies depending on the type of STI.

HIV, however, can spread through other means, such as sharing unsterilized needles and sexual contact.

STIs can affect anyone, irrespective of sexual orientation or hygiene practices, and can spread through non-penetrative sexual activities.

This article explores common STIs, preventive measures, and when to seek medical attention.

Chlamydia
Chlamydia, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, is a common infection transmitted through anal, vaginal, and oral sex. It can also pass from mother to baby during childbirth. Often asymptomatic, it can lead to infertility and complications if untreated but is curable with early treatment. Symptoms may include:
- Change in vaginal discharge
- Burning pain during urination

Crabs (Pubic Lice)
Pubic lice, tiny parasites, primarily infest pubic hair but can affect other body hair. Spread through close physical contact or shared items like towels, they cause itching. Treatment involves applying over-the-counter solutions or prescription medication for areas near the eyes.

Genital Herpes
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) affects the skin and genitals, with HSV-1 primarily affecting the mouth and HSV-2 affecting the genital area. Transmission occurs through saliva or skin contact. While many have no symptoms, blisters around the mouth or genitals may appear, with no cure but medication to manage symptoms. Symptoms may include:
- Blisters around the mouth, anus, or genital area
- Painful sores that take time to heal

Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B, causing liver damage, spreads through sexual contact, sharing needles, or skin puncture with infected blood. It can also transmit from mother to baby during childbirth. Vaccination offers some protection but may require booster doses. Prevention:
- Vaccination: Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all infants and unvaccinated adults at risk of contracting the virus.
- Safe Sex: Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of hepatitis B transmission.

Trichomoniasis
Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, affects the vagina in females and urethra in males, transmitted through sexual contact. Symptoms may include unusual discharge and pain during urination or sex. Both partners typically need treatment.

HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) weakens the immune system, spreading through sexual contact, needle sharing, and childbirth. Treatment reduces virus levels but does not cure HIV. Preventive measures include condom use and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Prevention:
- Safe Sex: Consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual activity can significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): For individuals at high risk of HIV exposure, taking PrEP daily can prevent HIV infection.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV affects the skin and mucous membranes, causing genital warts and increasing cancer risk. It spreads through sexual contact and can be prevented with vaccination. Prevention:
- Vaccination: HPV vaccines are recommended for adolescents and young adults to prevent HPV infection and associated health problems.

Molluscum Contagiosum
This viral skin infection causes painless bumps, often disappearing without treatment. Spread through skin-to-skin contact, treatment involves medications or removal methods.

Scabies:
A contagious skin condition caused by mites, scabies spreads through close contact or shared items. Topical creams treat it, with precautions to avoid spreading.

Syphilis
Syphilis, a bacterial infection, progresses through stages, causing sores, rashes, and organ damage. It spreads through sexual contact, with treatment involving antibiotics. Symptoms may include:
- Sores around the genitals, mouth, or rectum
- Rashes on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet

Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, often shows no symptoms but can cause pain, discharge, and fertility issues. Spread through sexual contact and childbirth, treatment involves antibiotics. Symptoms may include:
- Painful urination
- Abnormal discharge from the genitals

Chancroid:
Chancroid, a rare bacterial infection, causes genital sores and increases HIV risk. Antibiotics treat it, and partners should be notified.

When to Seek Help:
Many STIs may be asymptomatic, requiring medical evaluation upon suspected exposure. Prompt treatment reduces complications and transmission risks.

Prevention
Barrier methods like condoms reduce STI transmission, alongside testing before